Seedskadee National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge of the United States located in western Sweetwater County in the state of Wyoming. It covers 26,400 acres (106 km2) managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, an agency within the U.S. Department of the Interior.
The Shoshone people inhabited the region since the year 1300. The name Seedskadee is derived from the Shoshone language word sisk-a-dee-agie, which means "river of the prairie hen". The area was first visited by white explorers in 1811 and was later a crossroads for the Oregon and Mormon Trails; many of the original wagon tracks left by early pioneers can still be seen.
The refuge includes 36 miles (56 km) of the Green River, which is a water source for shrubs and cottonwoods in an otherwise arid region. The refuge was established in 1965 to mitigate wildlife habitat loss resulting from the construction of Fontenelle Dam upstream and Flaming Gorge Dam downstream on the Green River.[1]
220 species of birds have been identified on the refuge including migratory bird species that use the refuge for nesting. Trumpeter swans, bald eagles, sage grouse, and numerous species of ducks can be found. Dozens of species of mammals including coyote, porcupine, pronghorn, mule deer, bobcat, and moose are indigenous to the region and are protected under law. The Green river hosts Snake River fine-spotted and Bonneville cutthroat trout, and brown and rainbow trout. Visitors access the refuge by taking Interstate 80 west from Green River, Wyoming, for 6 miles (9.6 km) to Wyoming Highway 372. The entrance is 27 miles (43 km) to the north.
In intentional camera movement (ICM), a camera is moved during the exposure for a creative or artistic effect. This causes the image points to move across the recording medium, producing an apparent streaking in the resulting image.
The process involves the selection of an aperture and the use of filters to achieve a suitable shutter speed. Proponents experiment both with the duration of the exposure and the direction and amount of camera movement while the shutter is open. Generally exposures of 1/20 to 1/2 second give the best results and an optimum seems to be 1/8th of a second to retain the shape of the subject, but strip away surface detail.[1] The effect depends significantly on the direction that the camera is moved in relation to the subject as well as the speed of the movement.
The direction of movement of the lens has a dramatic effect on the results.[2] Patience is required along with much experimentation to establish where and how to move the camera to achieve the desired effect. The camera can be moved upwards, downwards, to the right or left or away from or towards the subject while being handheld. The camera may also be turned, angled, and rapidly moved back and forth.[3]
Leading proponents of the technique include Ernst Haas, Douglas Barkey,[4] Alexey Titarenko[5][6] and (from as early as 1962) Kōtarō Tanaka.[7] Rome: Renato Cerisola - 1953-2003 Eni's Way, 2003.Takahiro Kawamura (川村高弘),[8]